Move circular products, secondary raw materials and waste more easily across Europe.
What does circular economy mean to us?
EU Circular Economy Policy
Why the EU is acting, what the forthcoming Circular Economy Act is expected to contain, what is already changing, and what cooperatives should look for.
Europe is using more secondary materials, but not nearly fast enough
The Circular Economy Act has not yet been adopted. The Commission has signalled a stronger Single Market for secondary raw materials, end-of-waste rules, EPR simplification, procurement demand, critical-material recovery and recycled or bio-based feedstocks.
What the Commission has already signalled
Harmonise criteria for when waste becomes a usable secondary material.
Simplify and digitalise Extended Producer Responsibility systems.
Use public purchasing to strengthen demand for circular solutions.
Increase recovery from e-waste, scrap and other secondary streams.
Increase recycled and bio-based alternatives to virgin fossil materials.
The Act is not starting from zero
The cooperative diagnostic lens
Can cooperatives access waste, used products and secondary materials fairly?
Who owns collection, repair, logistics, data and recovery systems?
Are cooperatives represented and able to participate on fair terms?
Will Digital Product Passports enable repair and reuse or create barriers?
Can public demand support cooperative circular services?
How can coops scale while retaining democratic ownership and local value?
Cooperative Circularity Canvas
Models of Circular Transition
Six complementary lenses. The aim is not to pick a winner, but to see what each makes visible and what cooperatives add.
Regenerative economy as systemic regeneration of resource flows
REFLOW treats cities as living systems of material, energy, information and production flows. Regeneration means reconfiguring the system so resources are repeatedly recovered, redirected, recombined and put back into productive use through connected social, technical and economic systems.
How the models differ
| Model | Primary focus | Main question | Cooperative opportunity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Closed-loop | Products + materials | How do we retain value? | Own and govern high-value inner loops |
| Regenerative / REFLOW | Resource systems | How do flows regenerate systemically? | Coordinate flows and shared infrastructure |
| Doughnut | Social + ecological boundaries | What is a safe and just economy? | Distribute value and voice through democratic ownership |
| Sharing + access | Utilisation | How can assets be used more intensively? | Member-owned access without extractive intermediaries |
| Industrial symbiosis | Networks + exchanges | How can residual flows become inputs? | Make exchanges reciprocal and durable |
| Cooperative circular economy | Ownership + power | Who owns, governs and benefits? | Make cooperation part of transition architecture |
A cooperative synthesis
Keep products and resources in productive use.
Recover and reconnect flows across productive systems.
Keep value circulating among members and communities.
Circulate skills, knowledge, work and opportunity.
Circulate voice and decision-making power.
Build ecosystems rather than isolated enterprises.
It is 2050. What is now normal?
Cooperative Circularity in Practice
Look for the mechanism, not just the example: what circulates, why cooperative organisation matters, and what would make the practice scalable.
Montsià · ORYZITE
Agricultural by-product becomes a bio-based material. Mechanism: cooperative resource ownership.
Caviro
Wine and agri-food residues feed energy, fertiliser and industrial outputs. Mechanism: system integration.
Södra · OnceMore®
Mixed textiles and member-grown wood become new textile feedstock. Mechanism: patient industrial capital.
Vesti Solidale
Reuse and recovery combined with employment and inclusion. Mechanism: social circularity.
LOGIK & CO
Sustainable construction combined with worker ownership. Mechanism: worker governance.
Sare Teknika + partners
Discarded appliances are repaired and returned to use. Mechanism: inter-cooperation.
Six recurring enabling mechanisms
Control or fair access to the material flow.
Multiple outputs connected into one resource system.
Long-term ownership makes difficult R&D investable.
Environmental value and employment/inclusion reinforce each other.
Environmental choices are embedded in how work is governed.
Shared infrastructure no single actor could build alone.
From case study to transition insight
| Case | Resource flow | Cooperative mechanism | Transition lesson |
|---|---|---|---|
| Montsià | Rice husks → bio-material | Shared resource base | Resource ownership can support material substitution |
| Caviro | Agri-food by-products → multiple outputs | Integrated supply chain | Circularity can become a whole-system model |
| Södra | Textiles + wood → textile pulp | Patient industrial capital | Scale requires long-term capability + collaboration |
| Vesti Solidale | Used textiles → reuse + recovery | Social cooperative | Material and social value can reinforce each other |
| LOGIK & CO | Buildings + renovation | Worker governance | Transition can redesign work as well as materials |
| Sare Teknika | Appliances → repair + resale | Inter-cooperation | Shared infrastructure can span organisations |
What must decline, stop or be redesigned?
What transition innovation or capability is needed?
From Cooperative Practice to Enabling Policy
Start from existing cooperative asks, identify the missing layer, then distinguish movement action from policy enabling conditions.
CECOP's existing policy baseline
Recognise cooperatives as strategic circular-economy actors and ensure access to circular systems.
Support reuse, recycling, innovation and shared circular infrastructure.
Build technical, managerial and workforce capabilities for transition.
Use social and environmental criteria rather than price alone.
The Proximity and Social Economy Transition Pathway already calls for greener circular value chains, supportive finance and regulation, Local Green Deals and skills. EU procurement rules are also being revised in 2026.
Where CoopsEU could go further
Who owns circular assets and infrastructure?
Who shapes transition decisions?
Where do the economic returns flow?
How are circular ecosystems coordinated?
Can coops access data and demonstrate impact?
Who finances shared, long-lived assets?
WE CAN BUILD THIS OURSELVES
- Inter-cooperative resource networks
- Shared repair, reuse, logistics and data infrastructure
- Common evidence and metrics
- Skills and peer learning
- Cooperative finance
POLICY MUST ENABLE THIS
- Fair access to resource streams
- Recognition in EPR and circular governance
- Long-term circular investment
- Strategic procurement
- Open, interoperable product/material data
Quick policy pulse
Which enabling lever feels most urgent?
Policy design check
| Lever | Weak version | Stronger cooperative version |
|---|---|---|
| Recognition | Mention cooperatives | Guarantee meaningful access, representation and eligibility |
| Finance | More grants | Patient capital and guarantees for shared circular assets |
| Skills | Offer training | Build technical, managerial and democratic capability |
| Procurement | Encourage green purchasing | Reward circular, social, labour and resilience value |
| Data | Improve traceability | Accessible interoperable data for repairers and smaller actors |
| Ownership | Support local projects | Enable cooperative and community ownership of infrastructure |